International Human Rights and Islamic Law Essay

Worldwide Human Rights and Islamic Law - Essay Example Practically all the countries that are either Islamic in nature, or have a solid Islamic nearness inside their populace, have sooner or later of time entered reservations. Among these, a few states have entered their reservations by refering to the Sharia law, while different states have based these reservations by ordering the Sharia as ‘domestic family law’. Such high number of reservations depicts the presence of a dispute that relates straightforwardly to the women’s laws relating to human rights, while likewise in a roundabout way identifying with the hypothesis and practice of the global human rights law. This contention in this way grandstands a face to face encounter between the possibility of universalism of human rights; and the alleged ‘cultural relativism.’ Even an easygoing look at the reservations will give us that some of them that refer to the Islamic Sharia laws, are totally at peculiarity with the exceptionally nature and goal of the Convention, and regularly subverts the essential objective that plans to the evacuate different sorts sexual orientation inclination and get equivalent status for every single individual, regardless of whether he is a male or a female. In my article I will look at the strain that emerges from the specific state parties’ reservations to CEDA

Comparing Catherine MacKinnons Not A Moral Issue and Sallie Tisdale’s

Contrasting Catherine MacKinnon's Not A Moral Issue and Sallie Tisdale’s Talk Dirty to Me Professor’s Comment: This incredible exposition differentiates the perspectives on two women's activist, Catherine MacKinnon and Sallie Tisdale, every one of which sees erotic entertainment in generally dissimilar manners. While MacKinnon's 'Not A Moral Issue' clarifies the unfavorable effects of sex entertainment to ladies and society in general, Tisdale's 'Speak profanely to Me: An Intimate Philosophy of Sex' is responsive to erotic entertainment notwithstanding these unfriendly effects, proposing in truth that the answer for the issues related with sex entertainment is a more prominent job of ladies underway of that sex entertainment. Bosoms and booties, buns and knockers. Type these words into a hunt field and be readied. The nearness of explicit and profane material is wild: in business promoting, on primetime TV, and in each Danielle Steel tale. Such an excess of contested material presents numerous inquiries for conversation. One must ask, why there is such an interest for these items and why have they made a discussion of contention from left-and right-wingers, just as women's activists and chauvinists? What, at that point, is sex entertainment? Is it the craft of sex, a battle against ethical quality, the world's driving pandemic of sexual viciousness, or the progressing battle for First Amendment rights? Erotic entertainment, as characterized by the American Heritage Dictionary, is explicitly express pictures, composing, or other material whose main role is to cause sexual excitement. This definition, be that as it may, does not have the lucidity of reasonably separating among sex entertainment and erotica, and leaves space for deciphering the genuine significance of unequivocal. The issue at banter, in any case, is neither the naming nor distinguishing po... ... current sexual upheaval, yet in addition to a third rush of women's liberation, is justifiably displeasing for conservative moderates. The inquiries concerning the obscure impacts of this dubious media are unending. Imagine a scenario in which erotic entertainment stances such an extraordinary danger not for it's realistic sexual portrayals or 'shamelessness', yet for it's capability to support the two people to lead lives of sexual opportunity, without the out of date beliefs of family units and work area employments. Maybe it is obscene and sex-exchange enterprises, which are accused for the loss of contemporary social profound quality and morals, that will recommend new standards of life later on. Works Cited Catherine MacKinnon 'Not A Moral Issue' 1993 Martha Nussbaum Sex and Social Justice Oxford University Press, 2000 Tisdale, Sallie. Speak profanely to Me: An Intimate Philosophy of Sex. New York: Doubleday, 1994.

Using SSRI Anxiety Medication for Phobias

Using SSRI Anxiety Medication for Phobias Phobias Treatment Print Using SSRI Anxiety Medication for Phobias By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by on January 28, 2020 Jonathan Nourok/Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Medications known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, are commonly prescribed for social phobia. They also may be prescribed in conjunction with therapy for specific phobias and agoraphobia. Many of the SSRIs have become common household names, such as Prozac (fluoxetine), Paxil (paroxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline). If you have been prescribed an SSRI, you may wonder about the purpose, safety and possible side effects of your medication. It is important to discuss any specific concerns with your doctor. How SSRIs Work Serotonin is a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) that is involved in a variety of functions, including regulation of mood and anxiety. SSRIs have been shown to have a positive effect on anxiety disorders, including phobias. Can Phobias Be Treated With Medication? Common SSRIs SSRIs that are commonly prescribed for phobias include, but are not limited to, Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Paxil (paroxetine), Celexa (citalopram), Luvox (fluvoxamine), and Lexapro (escitalopram). These medications are very similar in their effects on phobias, but each medication has its own side effects, drug interactions, and other considerations. SSRIs and Older Adults Some research has shown that older adults may face elevated risks from SSRIs. As we age, we tend to increase the number of prescriptions we take, raising the risk of drug interactions. Our bodies may also become less tolerant of medications in general. Some studies have shown that older adults who take SSRIs long-term may be at increased risk of bone fractures, but many seniors tolerate these medications with no ill effects. SSRIs are generally considered to be safer than other options such as MAOIs. Discuss any concerns you may have with your doctor, and do not discontinue your medications unless your doctor tells you to. SSRIs and Children Since 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required that all antidepressants, including SSRIs, carry a black box warning indicating that the medication may increase the risk of suicide in children and teens. In 2007, the warning was expanded to include young adults under the age of 25. What Is a Black Box Warning? However, careful monitoring of your childs reactions to their medications can help lower this risk. Discuss any concerns you have with your pediatrician and monitor your childs behavior at home. Never suddenly stop giving your child their SSRI medication without medical guidance, as this could lead to a serious reaction. Suicide Risk Antidepressants in general and SSRIs, in particular, have been in the news in recent years due to an increased risk of suicide in patients who use them. While it is important to consider this risk, it is also important to balance it against the benefits of taking the medication. Each situation is different, and only you and your doctor can determine whether SSRIs are right for you. Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to an oversupply of serotonin in the brain. Its rare for serotonin syndrome to develop (even if an overdose of an SSRI occurs). However, combining SSRIs with certain drugs, supplements, and even some foods can dramatically increase the risk. What Is Serotonin Syndrome? Side Effects Because the brain requires several weeks to adapt to the effects of the medication, side effects are usually felt the most intensely during the first weeks of use. Sexual dysfunction is a common complaint by SSRI users and can be more of the more distressing side effects. Talk to your doctor about any side effects you are having, especially if they are severe enough to make you reconsider the SSRI medication youre on. While you might be frustrated, you need to continue to take your medication as prescribed unless your doctor tells you to reduce or stop your dose. Discontinuing SSRIs SSRIs are not considered to be addictive. Nonetheless, sudden withdrawal can lead to a phenomenon known as discontinuation syndrome; a collection of withdrawal symptoms that can range from mild to severe. Symptoms of discontinuation syndrome may include, but are not limited to: DizzinessHeadacheAches and other flu-like symptomsOdd electrical feelings in the head, which may be described as “brain jolts” The severity of the symptoms will depend on different factors such as your individual brain chemistry, which medication you are on, and how long you have been taking it. There is little evidence that discontinuation of SSRIs is physically dangerous, but the symptoms can be painful and difficult to handle. Except in rare cases, SSRIs are normally discontinued gradually. Tapering off the medication slowly and under your doctor’s guidance can help to minimize or even eliminate the symptoms of withdrawal. SSRIs are commonly prescribed for social phobia and may be used as an adjunct to other treatments for agoraphobia and specific phobias. These medications are common and generally considered to be reasonably safe. Nonetheless, as with any drug, they do carry a risk of side effects and interactions with other medications. Tell your doctor about all the medications you take, including herbal remedies, supplements, and over-the-counter products. Always follow their instructions for taking medication and let them know if you develop any unusual symptoms or behavioral changes. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Skinner And His Contribution On Behaviorism And Operant...

Human behavior has been an important topic and has been studied by many psychologists for many years now. B.F. Skinner was known as one of the most controversial intellectual figures of the late twentieth century who introduced behavior analysis and the idea of reinforcement (Myers, 2010). Skinner developed much of his work based from the law of effect by Edward Thorndike, who was also known as a philosopher. This research paper will focus on B.F. Skinner and his contribution on behaviorism and operant conditioning. This paper will provide an in-depth explanation on the concept and development of behavior analysis, B.F. Skinner was one of the most controversial intellectual figures of the late twentieth century. He was well-known as an American psychologist, philosopher, scientist, and poet. He was born on March 20, 1904 in the small town of Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. After receiving his B.A. in English literature in 1926, Skinner decided to attend Harvard University, in which he later earned his masters in psychology in 1930 and his doctorate in 1931. He spent most of his professional life teaching at different Universities, but remained in Harvard University for the rest of his life. He first showed interests in psychology after researching about John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov experiments, which focuses on stimulus-response paradigm. Both of Watson and Pavlov work on classical conditioning inspired Skinner, which led him to acquire his degreeShow MoreRelatedWatson, Skinner and Tolman Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that ident ified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as â€Å"modern day psychology† in 2012. In this succinct writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and deliberation to define their difference shall be incorporated herein. Although, each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectivesRead MoreSkinner, Behaviorism, And Operant Conditioning1671 Words   |  7 PagesSkinner took major efforts toward the approach of behaviorism to expand the field, following the initial works of Edward Thorndike. He was instrumental in redesigning and defining the law of effect. Skinner segmented behaviorism into two main sections such as respondent conditioning and operant conditioning. He associated that the later the consequences tailored to the behaviors are manipulated, the more frequent similar scenarios are played out in the future. Introduction SkinnerRead MoreVerbal Behavior and Verbal Response1328 Words   |  5 PagesSkinner, in ‘A review of B. F. Skinner’s verbal Behavior’ and ‘Selections from Science and Human Behavior’, discusses the idea of operant conditioning in human behavior, and functional analysis in human verbal behavior respectively. Both ideas seek to explain human behavior, whether in physical action or in verbal communication. Operant conditioning takes its root from Thorndike’s law of effect, dealing with reinforcing consequences that are contingent on a response (or specified behavior). FunctionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Operant Conditioning And Positive Reinforcement1332 Words   |  6 Pages B.F. Skinner was considered a pioneer in the development of operant conditioning and positive reinforcement. While some of his radical views, such as the illusion of free will, garnered criticism, his contributions to the field of behaviorism, most notably â€Å"The Skinn er Box†, made him an influential psychologist. B. F. Skinner was born on March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna Pennsylvania, a small railroad town where he enjoyed roaming the countryside. From a young age, Skinner demonstrated his intelligenceRead MoreBehaviorism As A Psychological Theory Of Human Development942 Words   |  4 Pages Behaviorism at its finest Life circumstances or events can predict the way that most people behave or handle situation. It is also believed that ones behavior is effected based on the positive or negative reinforcements received all throughout a persons life. Behaviorism is a psychological theory of human development that posits that humans can be trained, or conditioned, to respond in specific ways to specific stimuli and that given the correct stimuli, personalities and behaviors of individualsRead MoreAn Influential Psychologists Of All Times906 Words   |  4 Pagesis Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B. F. Skinner, who was born on March 20, 1904 in a small town called Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. B. F. Skinner was raised in a warm and wealthy home. His father was a lawyer and his mother was a stay at home mom. In Skinner’s early childhood, it was noted that he and his younger brother, Edward James, liked to build things such as arrows and shack in the woods, to name a few ( ). These cons truction skills would enable an older Skinner to build the equipmentRead MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MoreBehaviorism The Developmental Grand Theory1525 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism the Developmental Grand Theory Hillary C. Wade Cisco College Author Note This paper was prepared for Psychology 2314 Lifespan Growth and Development, Fall Mini-Semester, Taught by Linda Grant. Abstract Out of all the theories of lifespan development, behaviorism has proven to be the most efficient explanation of how we grow and adapt with our environments. Also known as the learning theory, it was developed by John B. Watson, and with major contributions from B.F. Skinner and Ivan PavlovRead MoreA Comparison of Theorist1317 Words   |  6 Pagesand B.F. Skinner are just two of the many theorists that have formed the organization in today’s classrooms. This paper will address the differences in the theories and the similarities. It will describe how each theory can be implemented in the learning environment of an early childhood classroom. Lastly, it will describe each theory that will be compared supported by research. Comparison of two Theories Operant Behavior Conditioning of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) BF Skinner renownedRead MoreOperant Conditioning by B. F Skinner1580 Words   |  7 Pagesrealizing it, and most of the time, they don’t know why they do them. Certain reinforcements, some positive, and some negative have conditioned their actions and thoughts. In this essay, I chose Burrhus Frederic Skinner who came up with the theory of operant conditioning. B. F. skinner,(March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) is an American psychologist who believed that we do have such a thing as a mind, but that it is simply more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mental

Globalization, Privatization, and Militarization Impacts...

Globalization, Privatization, and Militarization: Impacts on Criminal Justice INTRODUCTION Over the years, the criminal justice system has seen many changes. These changes have taken place due to the economy, social changes, environmental changes, and even cultural changes. Three items in particular that have affected the criminal justice system world-wide are globalization, privatization, and militarization. This paper will discuss the history of globalization, privatization, militarization, and cover the impacts that each has had on the criminal justice system. It is through being able to recognize these impacts that one can plan and prepare to adapt to an ever-evolving system. GLOBALIZATION DEFINITION AND HISTORY Merriam-Webster†¦show more content†¦Privatization has grown exponentially over the years as the government continues to try to find more economic ways to conduct business. Through the use of contracts, this is achieved by utilizing the lowest bidder. Should the work being done not meet the standards set forth, the contract is not renewed and the process begins again saving the government money by not having to hire Civil Servants who are then employees of the government, whom do not have a contract and are very difficult to get rid of should their work not be satisfactory. IMPACTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE When it comes to the criminal justice system, the major impact of privatization has been the prisons. With the privatizing of correctional facilities, corruption can likely occur. PICO National Network (2011) uncovered very damaging evidence of corruption within the criminal justice system. PICO stated â€Å"Many Americans were shocked to learn that two Pennsylvania judges accepted ‘cash-for-kids,’ kickbacks from for-profit-juvenile detention companies in exchange for locking up young people for very minor offenses† (p. 2). This is just one example of what can come from privatization. One other aspect is the lack of oversight of the actual contract. There is no minimum required wage set forth for the workers. This can lead to underpaid, overworked employees that are tasked with guarding maximum securityShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesParadigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle

The Challenges of Fair Trade Free Essays

Historically, coffee cultivation had brought a positive influence in developing countries to alleviate rural poverty. Paige (1997) and Williams (1994) also claimed that coffee cultivation had enabled households to develop their land holdings in sustainable, high return activity, and gainfully employ their family labor (as cited in Barham, Gitter, Lewis Weber, 2011, p. 116). We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenges of Fair Trade or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the global coffee market has fallen into crisis in recent years. A research conducted by Murray, Raynold and Taylor (2003), with a large decline in the coffee employment, many rural households have been forced to abandon traditional farming and adopt new livelihoods. Meanwhile, small scale but growing number of coffee farmers have participated in Fair Trade to try to survive such crisis. But, according to the research published recently, Fair Trade coffee may not only fail to bring the rural poor better life, it may impoverish them. This claim is supported by unbalanced price premium, limited Fair Trade coffee market and lack of Fair Trade knowledge by households. The higher sale price in Fair Trade coffee comparing to the conventional coffee is claimed to be the most direct benefit to individual rural farmers who participate in Fair Trade. As indicated by Barham et al. (2010), Fair Trade coffee growers receive an average US $344 in net cash income per hectare compared with US $192 for conventional growers (p. 120). Yet such premium price provided by the Fair Trade does not cover the cost to produce certified coffee for rural farmers. Weber (2011) states that if the coffee growers want to sell their products through Fair Trade, first they have to be certified (p. 109). Fair Trade Foundation requires coffee growers to pay high certification fees which the majority of Third World farmers are too poor to afford. In such cases, these growers are likely try to receive Fair Trade certification through cooperatives, but are required to share their net profit with cooperatives. For example, from the article What Price for Good Coffee? by Fieser and Padgett (2009) , Antonio, a coffee producer in Guatemala, receives 1. 55 dollars per pound of organic coffee sold through Fair Trade, approximately 10 percent more than the conventional market price. However, Antonio only receives less than 50 cents per pound after he pays Fair Trade cooperative fees, government taxes, farming expenses, and other costs (Fieser and Padgett, 2009, p. 98). This shows Fair Trade farmers often lose out on the premium price that can be fetched by certified coffee. Fair Trade is filled with contradictions. Even if the cooperatives and organizations are willing to lower the certification fees, the net cash income for growers participating in Fair Trade market is still not enough to cover the cost to produce certified coffee, by the fact that not all the high cost Fair Trade-organic certified coffee are sold at Fair Trade-organic certified coffee price. While Fair Trade coffee being organic is not a requisite for selling in Fair Trade market, most farmers that participate in cooperatives are expected to transit into organic coffee products and pass the organic certification (Weber, 2011, p. 110). However becoming organic certified requires a transition period. Weber (2011) claims it takes 3 years for growers to complete the transition into organic certification where they have to follow organic norms but unable to sell their coffee as organic (p. 111). This implies a significant delay between the time of the cost and when coffee starts yield a return. Such scenario above affects the net cash income received from Fair Trade households. Though some Fair Trade households do not transit themselves into organic certified coffee, the fact that most coffee grown by Fair Trade membership households is sold in the conventional markets is still true due to the lack of Fair Trade markets. Even though coffee is the second highest traded commodity, the market of Fair Trade coffee is relatively small with average 2. 5 % of the global coffee trade (Fieser and Padgett, 2009, p. 99). Barham et al. 2010) state that Fair Trade has limited the supply of coffee that labeled with certificated to keep the Fair Trade-organic coffee price up in the market. Therefore, even though the growers produce their coffee in a high cost Fair Trade-organic certification standards, they may have to sell their certified coffee to the markets that do not give the value of certification once Fair Trade refused their products (p. 122). Going through the effort to produce Fair Trade standards coffee, the farmers are not reaping the rewards they should have obtained. Also, with the lack of a consumer market but continually growing coffee producing households populations, Weber (2010) claims that it leads the cooperatives to increase their membership without expanding the market which results in lower premium for each household member (p. 113). The benefit to Fair Trade sales including price premiums, social premiums, long-term contracts, and low-interest credit are significantly reduced as less coffee is sold in Fair Trade markets (Murrary, 2003, p. 16). As a result, the limited and slow growth in the Fair Trade market has become one of the major concerns confronting Fair Trade production. Unconstrained market is the key to maximum returns; knowledge is the key ingredient to develop a more democratic institution. Yet households of coffee growers are facing the lack of clear knowledge for Fair Trade. Fair Trade is an indistinct concept to coffee growers comparing to coffee growing which appears in their daily farming livelihoods. Murrary et al. (2003) claim that coffee growers have not received regular and detailed training about information on Fair Trade, and have no contact with Fair Trade representatives but the cooperatives and the technical advisers (p. 6). Even more, majority of coffee growers identify Fair Trade with the cooperative. Such misinterpretation, leads some cooperatives to not tout the benefits coffee growers should gain as Fair Trade certification benefits (pp. 16 – 17). Since cooperatives and the technical advisers deal directly with the Fair Trade certification, buyers, and others; coffee growers simply have no control over their products com pare to other coffee investment patterns. For example, the Thrive’s system mentioned by LaPorte (2013) in his article. Mr. Lander, an entrepreneur based in Atlanta, created the company named Thrive Farmers Coffee assisted coffee growers to increase their ownership and profit margins by splitting half of proceeds with farmers and by establishing relationships between farmers and local coffee co-ops. Mr. Lander also states that organizations like Thrive are trying to teach these growers the basic knowledge of risk and quality because now they see their products selling to their ultimate consumers (p. 106). If coffee growers can understand the way to prevent risk and way to improve coffee quality, these growers will most likely sell more coffee overall. In conclusion, Fair Trade is not the answer to solve poverty. The system offers limited price improvement to very few primary households, while neglecting the poorest of poor in the sector. With farmers lack of understanding of the structure and operation, Fair Trade can easily prevent the poor from liberating themselves, keep them in their land and restrain their future. And lastly, by raising Fair Trade coffee price for the consumer, it slows down the growth of global Fair Trade economy and limits the market from certain group. Overall, there are benefits to the small-scale farmers from Fair Trade movement, but the benefits are much insufficient compared with other investment patterns. It is nothing but a short-term diversion. If the Fair Trade is unable to put forward a plan for improving their current rate of returns, coffee growers are unlikely to lift themselves out of their poverty through Fair Trade. And, perhaps the only fair choice is to support free trade. References Abad-Vergara, Diane. (Director, Produce). (2009). Living with coffee [Documentary]. New Zealand. Barham, B. L., Callenes, M., Gitter, S., Lewis, J., ; Weber, J. (2011). Fair trade/organic coffee, rural livelihoods, and the â€Å"Agrarian Question†: Southern Mexican coffee families in transition. World Development, 39(1), 134-145. Fieser, E., ; Padgett, T. (2009). What price good coffee? Time International, 171(13) 90-91. La porte, N. (2013, March 16). Coffee’s economics, rewritten by farmers. New York Times. Retrieved 5/20/13 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/business/coffees-economics-rewritten-by-farmers.html Murray, D. L., Raynolds, L. T., ; Taylor, P.L. (2003). One cup at a time: poverty alleviation and fair trade coffee in Latin America. Fair Trade Research Group, Colorado State University. Weber, J. G. (2011). How much more do growers receive for Fair Trade-organic coffee? Food Policy, 36(5), 678-685 How to cite The Challenges of Fair Trade, Papers

Maggie Fitzgerald in Million Dollar Baby and Betty Ann Waters in Conviction

The essence of the characters – Maggie Fitzgerald in Million Dollar Baby and Betty Ann Waters in Conviction – are completely different. Hilary Swank plays both the characters in the movies. In case of both the films, it seemed that the characters were right for Hilary Swank. The tomboyish character of Maggie is strong both physically and psychologically. On the other hand, Betty Ann is a strong-willed character.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Maggie Fitzgerald in Million Dollar Baby and Betty Ann Waters in Conviction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maggie Fitzgerald is a hillbilly who is poor, works as a waiter, and steals food to put together some savings (Swank, Eastwood and Freeman, Million Dollar Baby). Yet, she finds time and strength to train to become a professional boxer. Maggie is destitute, alone, and leads a non-significant life. She yearns to become something special and so continually pressures Frankie Dunn to be her trainer. Swank plays the character to perfection. Never, for a moment, did she loose control of the reserve and composer of a woman who had faced all the hardships of life. There was no place for emotional outburst in her performance. Betty Ann is a courageous working class single mother of two, who fights her way through law school to free her brother who, wrongly convicted of murder (Swank, Rockwell and Leo, Conviction). The objective of Betty Ann was to free her brother from being wrongly convicted for life. She shows courage and conviction to exonerate her brother. Her primary obstacles were her incomplete high school degree and her brother’s violent police record. Her successes were marred with hurdles, all failures in her effort were due to her, and her brother’s past haunted her. She overcame the obstacle of her inefficiency as a person by passing through law school to be legally able to defend her brother. It took her sixteen y ears to become a lawyer and then petition the evidence to be reexamined. However, the evidence apparently, was destroyed after ten years. This added to the complex nature of the case. However, after a lot of trouble, Betty managed to get hold of the evidence, and the DNA samples of the perpetrator’s did not match her brothers. However, the euphoria was short-run, as soon the DA’s office declared that there was enough evidence to hold her brother as an accomplice. Nevertheless, Betty’s conviction of her brother’s innocence helps her to fight her way through the system to acquit him. Maggie as a character is introvert but she communicates strongly with her coach Frankie. She is responsive to the instructions and acts more of a man than a woman in the film. On the other hand, Betty Ann is an emotional person, who is essentially a woman. She laughs, cries, and expresses anger whenever the situation be so. Hilary Swank played two very different characters with equal ease.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hilary Swank had completely altered her personality and body movements to portray to the roles of Betty Ann and Maggie. In Maggie, she internalized a boxer, who was strong and masculine, with little demonstration of emotions. On the other hand, in Betty Ann she played an emotional sister who loves her brother and sacrifices her life to exonerate him. She changes her voice to suit the characters – Maggie with a husky, masculine tone of speaking and with Betty Ann, a woman soft but strong willed. In both the character, Swank fitted perfectly well. It almost appeared that two people played the roles rather than one. Her movements, manner of speaking, gestures, and body language altered to suit the need of the characters, never overdoing it. Works Cited Conviction. Dir. Tony Goldwyn. Perf. Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Melissa Leo. : Omega Entertainment. 2010. DVD. Million Dollar Baby. Dir. Clint Eastwood. Perf. Hilary Swank, Clint Eastwood and Morgan Freeman.: Warner Bros. 2004. DVD. This essay on Maggie Fitzgerald in Million Dollar Baby and Betty Ann Waters in Conviction was written and submitted by user Samir Pratt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.